Lamination Of Corticospinal Tract

Syringomyelia is a condition in which an abnormal fluid filled cavity or syrinx develops within the central canal of the spinal cord the syrinx is a result of disrupted csf drainage from the central canal commonly caused by a chiari malformation or previous trauma to the cervical or thoracic spine in select cases the syrinx may occur in the brainstem and is then referred to as syringobulbia.

Lamination of corticospinal tract. Clinical neuroanatomy 27th ed. Like the brain the spinal cord is covered by three. Corticospinal tracts dorsal columns and anterolateral spinothalamic tracts. The spinal cord is composed of long tracts of myelinated nerve.

The term pyramidal tracts refers to upper motor neurons that originate in the cerebral cortex and terminate in the spinal cord corticospinal or brainstem corticobulbar. Previous studies have shown that neuron specific deletion of serum response factor srf results in deficits in tangential cell migration guidance dependent circuit assembly activity dependent gene expression and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Furthermore srf deletion in mouse embryonic stem cells causes cell death in vitro. The spinal cord is an elongated cylindrical structure about 45 cm 18 inches long that extends from the medulla oblongata to a level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae of the backbone.

This differential cell fate creates an inside out topography in the cortex with younger neurons in superficial layers and older neurons in deeper layers. However the requirement of srf for early neuronal. Similarly the process of neurogenesis regulates lamination to form the different layers of the cortex. Human nervous system human nervous system the spinal cord.

The terminal part of the spinal cord is called the conus medullaris. Reproduced with permission from waxman s. This schematic demonstrates the locations of the three main clinically relevant pathways and their lamination. The cst has approximately 1 million nerve fibres with an average conduction velocity of approximately 60m s using glutamate as their transmitter substance.

We identified 50 previously unknown receptor ligand pairs including new interactions among members of the flrt and unc5 families. During this process there is an increase in the restriction of cell fate that begins with earlier progenitors giving rise to any cell type in the cortex and later progenitors giving rise only to neurons of superficial layers. The corticospinal tract cst forms part of the descending spinal tract system that originate from the cortex or brainstem crossman neary 2015 and is also known as the pyramidal tract. Nerves emerge in the cerebral cortex pass down and may cross sides in the medulla oblongata and travel as part of the spinal cord until they synapse with interneurons in the grey column of the spinal cord.

To find recognition proteins involved in lamination we utilized microarray data from 13 subtypes to identify differentially expressed extracellular proteins and performed a high throughput biochemical screen.